MUSCLE CRAMP PROTOCOL

Version May 20, 2022

Points of vigilance

Strong, sustained cramps can cause significant damage to muscle tissue
Monitor for dehydration — risk of severe cardiac arrhythmia
If the environment is hot, consider heatstroke

🫀 Dehydration — Cardiac arrhythmiaDehydration can cause severe cardiac arrhythmia. Hydrate the victim as soon as possible with water or an electrolyte solution.

🌡 Heatstroke — Rule outIf the environment and the victim are very hot, apply the heatstroke protocol instead of the muscle cramp protocol.

💧 HydrationGive small amounts of water or an electrolyte solution as soon as the victim can swallow. Prefer sports drinks with electrolyte supplements.

🧊 Ice — ApplicationApply ice for 10 to 15 minutes. Never apply directly on the skin — use a towel between the ice and the skin. Repeat as needed every hour.

🤲 MassageGently massage the affected muscle in the direction of muscle stretching. Massage promotes recovery and relieves pain.

📊 Continuous reassessmentFrequently reassess vital signs (ABC). If the victim does not recover or shows signs of deterioration, seek care at a hospital via 911.

PROTOCOL — MUSCLE CRAMPS

Are the environment and the victim
too hot?

YES

🌡 Apply the
Heatstroke Protocol

🧊 Apply ice on the affected muscle
(with a protective towel — never apply directly on the skin)

⏱ 10 to 15 minutes · Repeat every hour as needed

🤲 Gently massage the affected muscle
In the direction of muscle stretching · Avoid excessive pressure

💧 Encourage hydration
Water or sports drink with electrolyte supplements · In small amounts

📊 Frequently reassess vital signs (ABC)
Monitor dehydration and the evolution of symptoms

📞 Seek care at a hospital
by calling 911
If the cramp does not resolve, if severe dehydration, or if signs of cardiac arrhythmia